Abstract Background: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a very prevalent sexual problem, with limited options for treatment. Given that psychological factors are major contributors to the disorder, a therapy such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) may be useful to treat HSDD. Objective: To evaluate the effects of group CBT on women with HSDD. Method: Clinical trial randomized study with 106 women diagnosed with HSDD, who were divided as follows: Group 1 (n = 53) underwent group CBT for 8-weeks, and Group 2 (n = 53), were put on a waiting list and used as a control group. Sexual function was assessed by the Female Sexual Quotient (FSQQ) at the initial interview and after 6-months. Mann Whitney test was used for group comparison. Main Outcome Measures: demographics, education, sexual history, FSQQ and its domains for sexual function assessment. Results: Both groups had similar characteristics regarding sexual response, self-image, and relationship with a partner at the initial interview. Women undergoing therapy showed significant improvement in sexual function when compared with the control group. The overall FSQQ result showed an average growth of 18.08 points (95% CI 12.87‒23.28) for the therapy group against a decrease of 0.83 points (95% CI 3.43‒1.77) for controls (p < 0.001). The five domains of the questionnaire also exhibited significant improvement in the therapy group: desire and interest (p = 0.003), foreplay (p = 0.003), excitation and tuning (p < 0.001), comfort (p < 0.001), and orgasm and satisfaction (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Group CBT was shown to be an effective tool for treating HSDD.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar retrospectivamente alguns dados clínicos, laboratoriais e imagens de um grupo de idosas brasileiras. MÉTODOS Estudo observacional retrospectivo realizado com inclusão de 1.001 mulheres brasileiras atendidas no ambulatório de geriatria ginecológica de nossa instituição. Foram analisados: a idade dos pacientes na primeira consulta clínica e a idade na menopausa natural; alguns achados clínicos durante um exame ginecológico; resultados de análises laboratoriais. Considerou-se a relação dessas variáveis com o grupo da idade das mulheres. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para avaliar os dados e para algumas variáveis, Kruskal-Wallis ou Anova. RESULTADOS A avaliação do IMC e da estatura nas diferentes faixas etárias das mulheres mostrou que, com o aumento da idade, há diminuição do IMC e da estatura (p=0,001). Nível anormal de pressão arterial estava presente em 85,45%. De acordo com o grupo de idade, as medidas laboratoriais foram avaliadas pelo método estatístico Kruskal-Wallis, e a Anova mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante apenas no valor da creatinina, com pequeno aumento com a idade. A ultrassonografia pélvica foi alterada com espessura endometrial normal (>5 mm) em 29 (6,14%), mas sem diferença estatística significativa com os grupos de idade, e os ovários mostraram sete (4,04%) com volume anormal (>6,1). Mamografia anormal (BI-Rads 3 ou 4) foi observada em 104 pacientes (12,21%). CONCLUSÕES O estudo conclui que, com o aumento da idade, há redução do IMC e da estatura. A hipertensão é morbidade frequente. Os dados laboratoriais e a avaliação de imagens deste estudo são importantes para aumentar o conjunto de informações sobre mulheres idosas e talvez para melhorar a assistência à saúde.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate gynecological cancer and metabolic screening of Brazilian women aged 65 years or older. METHODS This retrospective descriptive study was conducted by including 1,001 Brazilian patients of the gynecological geriatric outpatient office of our institution to evaluate the influence of age on gynecological cancer and metabolic screening parameters at the first clinical visit. All patients were divided into three groups: a) 65 to 69 years; b) 70 to 74 years; c) ≥ 75 years. We considered clinical, laboratorial, and image data as variables of this study. The Chi-square test was used to assess the proportion of differences among the age groups, and Kruskal-Wallis was used for quantitative variables. RESULTS The values of BMI and height in the group over 75 years was lower than that of the 65 to 69 years (p = 0.001). Regardless of the age group, high arterial blood pressure levels were found in 85.45% of participants. Also, many patients had glucose intolerance in the blood. The pelvic ultrasonography showed abnormal endometrial echo thickness (> 5 mm) in 6.14% of patients, but with no significant statistical difference between the age groups. A total of 4.04% of patients had ovaries with high volume values ( > 6.1 mL). Abnormal mammography (BI-RADS 3 or 4) was observed in 12.21%. CONCLUSIONS our data suggest that a great reduction in BMI and stature is more frequent in the group over 75 years. Also, systemic arterial hypertension and carbohydrate disturbance are frequent morbidities in women over 65 years.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os aspectos de saúde das mulheres brasileiras após os 65 anos de idade. Métodos O estudo foi retrospectivo, e incluiu 1.001mulheres brasileiras atendidas no ambulatório de ginecologia geriátrica de nossa instituição. Foi feita uma análise transversal de mulheres com idade acima de 65 anos, incluindo dados demográficos, sintomas clínicos (sintomas vasomotores), morbidades associadas, bem como alterações no exame físico e queixas em relação à atividade sexual. Utilizamos o teste qui-quadrado para avaliar os dados. Resultados A idade das pacientes na primeira visita clínica variou de 65 a 98 anos, com média etária de 68,56 ± 4,47 anos. A média etária de entrada na menopausa foi de 48,76 ± 5,07 anos. Os sintomas clínicos mais frequentes relatados durante o período analisado foram os sintomas vasomotores (n = 188), seguidos de artropatia, astenia e vagina seca. Asmorbidades associadasmais frequentes após os65anos foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, distúrbios gastrintestinais, diabete melito e depressão, entre outras. A avaliação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) mostrou redução deste parâmetro antropométrico com o progredir da idade. No momento da visita, 78 pacientes relataram ter relações sexuais. A maioria das mulheres que relatou ter relações sexuais (89,75%, n = 70) estava entre 65 e 69 anos, 8,97% (n = 7) tinham entre 70 e 74 anos, e apenas 1,28% (n = 1) eram mais velhas do que 75 anos de idade. Conclusões Nossos achados sugerem que os sintomas vasomotores podem persistir após os 65 anos. Houve uma diminuição significativa na relação sexual com o aumento da idade. Os distúrbios cardiovasculares em nosso estudo são preocupações de saúde nestas mulheres.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the health aspects of Brazilian women older than 65 years of age. Design This was a retrospective study that included 1,001 Brazilian women cared for in the gynecological geriatric outpatient office of our institution. We report a crosssectional analysis of female adults aged over 65 years, including data on demographics, clinical symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms, associated morbidities, physical examination and sexual intercourse. We used the chi-squared test to assess the data. Results The age of the patients on their first clinic visit ranged from65 to 98 years, with a mean age of 68.56 ± 4.47 years; their mean age at the time of natural menopause was 48.76 ± 5.07 years. The most frequent clinical symptoms reported during the analyzed period were hot flashes (n = 188), followed by arthropathy, asthenia, and dry vagina. The most frequent associated morbidities after 65 years of age were systemic arterial hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbance, diabetes mellitus, and depression, among others. The assessment of the bodymass index (BMI) found decreases inBMIwith increased age. At the time of the visit, 78 patients reported sexual intercourse. The majority of women reporting sexual intercourse (89.75%, n = 70) were between 65 and 69 years of age, 8.97% (n = 7) were between 70 and 74 years of age, and only 1.28% (n = 1) of those were aged older than 75 years. Conclusions Our findings suggested that vasomotor symptoms can persist after 65 years of age. There was a significant decrease in sexual intercourse with increased age. The cardiovascular disturbances in our study are health concerns in these women.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the anteroposterior displacement behavior of the center of pressure without any visual reference and determine its relationship with knee muscle strength and reports of falls in postmenopausal women. Among those with osteoporosis, the specific objective was to evaluate the correlation of thoracic kyphosis and vitamin D with center of pressure displacement. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study without intervention. The assessments were performed on 126 postmenopausal women (aged 55-65 years) who were grouped according to their lumbar bone density into osteoporosis and control groups. Center of pressure was evaluated on a force platform (100 Hz frequency and 10 Hz filter), with the subjects standing on both feet with eyes closed for 60 seconds. Knee muscle strength was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer in concentric/concentric mode at a velocity of 60°/s. In the osteoporosis group, vitamin D was assayed, and the thoracic spine was radiographed. RESULTS: In the control group, there was a correlation between the center of pressure and knee strength (r = 0.37; p<0.003). Reports of falls were not associated with center of pressure displacement (p = 0.056). In the osteoporosis group, thoracic kyphosis and vitamin D levels were not correlated with the center of pressure. CONCLUSION: Anteroposterior center of pressure displacement without visual influence was not associated with falls, thoracic kyphosis or vitamin D in the osteoporosis group. Only knee muscle strength was associated with center of pressure displacement in the control group.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento sexual em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos e a relação de comportamento sexual e parâmetros clínicos relacionados a essa síndrome (obesidade, hirsutismo e irregularidade menstrual). Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado com 48 mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos. A avaliação foi baseada nas queixas referidas pelas pacientes com ênfase na satisfação sexual, existência ou não de parceiro, fases do ciclo da resposta sexual (desejo, excitação orgasmo e resolução), frequência sexual, prática de masturbação, avaliação de práticas sexuais menos habituais, grau de intimidade e qualidade de comunicação no envolvimento com o parceiro. As variáveis do comportamento sexual (satisfação sexual, masturbação, fantasia sexual, frequências de desejo, de excitação e de orgasmo) foram comparadas com três parâmetros clínicos: ciclo menstrual, hirsutismo e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: A iniciação sexual, as formas de expressão da sexualidade, a intimidade comunicativa com o parceiro e a satisfação sexual não foram influenciadas pela síndrome. Em relação à associação dos parâmetros clínicos da síndrome dos ovários policísticos com o comportamento sexual, correlação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada com o ciclo menstrual. Conclusão: A ausência de menstruação exerceu impacto sobre o interesse sexual não vinculado às atividades com o parceiro, aumentando a frequência de masturbação.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sexual behavior of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the relationship between sexual behavior and the clinical parameters related to this syndrome (obesity, hirsutism and menstrual irregularities). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 48 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The evaluation was based on the complaints reported by the women with particular emphasis on sexual satisfaction, the presence of a sexual partner, phases of the sexual response cycle (desire, arousal, orgasm and resolution phases), sexual frequency, practice of masturbation, evaluation of less usual sexual habits, degree of intimacy and the quality of communication in the women's involvement with their sexual partner. The variables of sexual behavior (sexual satisfaction, masturbation, sexual fantasies, frequency of desire, arousal and orgasm) were compared with three clinical parameters: menstrual cycle, hirsutism and body mass index (BMI). Results: The sexual initiation, ways of expressing sexuality, communication and intimacy with partner and sexual satisfaction were not influenced by the clinical aspects of the syndrome. With respect to association of polycystic ovary syndrome clinical parameters with sexual behavior, a statistically significant correlation was found with the menstrual cycle. Conclusion: The absence of menstruation affected sexual interest in activities not involving the partner, thus increasing the frequency of masturbation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com Trifolium pratense nos sintomas climatéricos e na satisfação sexual de mulheres na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado com placebo. Foram selecionadas 120 mulheres na faixa etária de 45 anos a 65 anos com sintomas climatéricos, amenorreia superior a um ano e sem tratamento nos últimos seis meses. Após a seleção, foram divididas em dois grupos: GT -receberam Trifolium pratense na dose de 40 mg, 1 capsula/dia; GP -receberam placebo (controle), contendo lactose, 1 cápsula/dia. A duração do tratamento foi de 12 meses. As pacientes foram avaliadas clinica e laboratorialmente antes do tratamento e com quatro, oito e 12 meses de tratamento. Foi empregado também o Índice Menopausal de Kupperman (IMK) e o Inventário de Satisfação Sexual Golombok Rust. No final do estudo, cada grupo tinha 50 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Houve melhora significante dos sintomas menopausais após quatro meses de tratamento pelo IMK, principalmente em relação aos fogachos, comparando os dados antes do tratamento nos dois grupos, porém, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos. Não houve melhora na sexualidade antes e após o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento por 12 meses com Trifolium pratense, na dose de 40mg/dia, não promoveu melhora significante dos sintomas menopausais e na satisfação sexual.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of treatment with Trifolium pratense on climacteric symptoms and sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This study was prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. We selected 120 women, aged between 45 and 65 years with climacteric symptoms, with absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) for more then one year and without any treatment in the last six months. After selection, women were divided into two groups: GT received 40 mg of Trifolium pratense (one capsule per day); GP received placebo (control, one capsule of lactose per day). Treatment lasted 12 months and women were evaluated before and after four, eight and twelve months of treatment by clinical (Kupperman Menopausal Index -KMI and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction) and laboratory exams. At study end, each group had 50 patients. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease of symptoms after four months of treatment according to the KMI, mainly of hot flashes in relation to baseline data for both groups, but not between both groups. Evaluation of sexual satisfaction did not disclose any difference in both groups before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: The 40mg/day Trifolium pratense treatment may not ameliorate menopausal symptoms or improve sexual satisfaction.

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a capacidade orgástica (durante a relação sexual e/ou a masturbação solitária) de mulheres pós-menopausadas, saudáveis e sem tratamento hormonal com fatores climatéricos, psicossociais, comportamentais, hormonais e interpessoais. MÉTODOS: De um total de 999 mulheres avaliadas com idade entre 41 e 60 anos, selecionaram-se 60 mulheres saudáveis, sexualmente ativas, com pelo menos um ano de amenorréia, útero íntegro, relacionamento estável com parceiro capacitado ao coito e não usuárias de terapia hormonal. Elaborou-se um modelo estatístico de regressão logística que avaliou a capacidade de orgasmo (variável dependente) em função de 17 variáveis independentes, que representavam fatores psicossociais, comportamentais, interpessoais, climatéricos e hormonais. RESULTADOS: A capacidade orgástica está significativamente correlacionada à prática da masturbação (p=0,000), ao gostar de abraçar e acariciar o corpo do parceiro (p= 0,036) e à presença de secura vaginal (p=0,021). CONCLUSÕES: Nas mulheres pós-menopausadas avaliadas, a capacidade orgástica relacionou-se positivamente com o relacionamento mais afetivo com o companheiro e com a prática da masturbação. Mulheres que apresentam secura vaginal, mas que praticam a masturbação e mantêm relacionamento afetivo com o parceiro, conseguem obter o mesmo número ou um número maior de orgasmos se comparados à freqüência do coito.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the capacity of healthy postmenopausal women to have orgasms (during intercourse or by solitary masturbation) with psychosocial, behavioral, climacteric, hormonal and interpersonal factors. METHODS: Nine hundred and ninety-nine women (aged from 41 to 60 years) underwent physical and supplementary tests and answered questionnaires regarding sexual behaviour. Sixty healthy women, sexually active, with one or more years of amenorrhea, without hormone therapy and with a partner capable of intercourse were chosen from this group. A Logistic Regression Model with one dependent variable - orgasmic capacity - and seventeen independent variables - psychosocial, behavioral, interpersonal, climacteric and hormonal factors - was developed. RESULTS: The orgasmic capacity correlated significantly with the practice of masturbation (p=0.000), with pleasure in embracing and caressing the partner's body (p=0.036) and with the presence of vaginal dryness (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the most important factors were interpersonal and behavioral and that the other parameters considered were not statistically significant. Women with vaginal dryness, who however engage in masturbation and maintain an affective relationship with their partner, obtain an equal or a greater number of orgasms when compared to the frequency of sexual intercourse.